DIF-treated patients demonstrated a heavier co-morbidity burden and lower presenting heart rates (median 53 vs 77 beats/min, p <0.001), worse renal function (median estimated glomerular filtration rate, 30.3 vs 40.0 ml/min/1.73 m 2, p = 0.013), and higher potassium (median 4.5 vs 4.3 mEq/L, p = 0.022).

Incidence of digoxin toxicity per 1,000 patients with a digoxin prescription and frequency of DIF treatment fluctuated over time without a clear trend toward increase or reduction. Between 20, 727 patients were identified with signs concerning for digoxin toxicity with a mortality rate of 12.7% during admission and 42.7% at 1 year. This single-center analysis examined patients with signs/symptoms concerning digoxin toxicity, defined as hospital admission or emergency department visit with elevated digoxin serum concentrations (>2 ng/ml) and/or a primary diagnosis code of digoxin toxicity and/or DIF order. This study aimed to address data gaps in digoxin toxicity trends and outcomes in patients treated with or without digoxin immune fab (DIF). Data on digoxin toxicity trends and outcomes are variable and lack granularity for treatment outcomes.

The role of digoxin in clinical practice has narrowed over time.

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